Then using a normalization distance KK = |AB| + |MN| and scale constants α and β, we estimate P’Q’ = αKK and M’Q’ = βKK. P’ and Q’ are expected to fall in the line that passes through M and N. The procedure to estimate P’ and Q’ from A, B, C and D is as follow: Firstly, points M and N are found as the center of segments AB and CD respectively. The SCFace database contains images for 130 different subjects and frontal images of each individual were carefully annotated by the Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS at Escuela Politecnica Superior of the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. To develop and validate the proposed approach, facial landmarks from the SCFace database were used. For instance, in the case of the Australian passport, the allowed scale range is ±5.88% for a face height between 32 and 36mm: In other words, the estimated location of the crown ( P’) and chin point ( Q’) should be such that the distance P’Q’ scaled by the distance between the ideal location of the crown ( P) and chin point ( Q) falls within the tolerance range allowed in the passport specifications. Given the set of detected face landmarks A, B, C and D, we would like to estimate P and Q with an accuracy that is sufficient to ensure that the face in the output photo fall within the limits of the size requirements. In order to crop and scale the face of the person to a particular passport requirement, the following approach was investigated.
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